[TOC]

文章参考：https://yeasy.gitbook.io/docker_practice/image/pull

概述

Ubuntu 是基于 Debian 的 Linux 操作系统。

Ubuntu安装

访问 Ubuntu 镜像库地址： https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu?tab=tags&page=1。

可以通过 Sort by 查看其他版本的 Ubuntu。默认是最新版本 ubuntu:latest 。

拉取Ubuntu

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$ docker pull ubuntu
# 或者
$ docker pull ubuntu:latest

查看本地镜像

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(base)  frewen@FreweniMacBookPro  ~  docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
ubuntu       18.04     5d2df19066ac   3 weeks ago    63.1MB
alpine/git   latest    22d84a66cda4   3 months ago   43.6MB

在上图中可以看到我们已经安装了ubuntu18.04。

运行容器

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docker run -itd --name ubuntu-test ubuntu:18.04

安装成功

最后我们可以通过 docker ps 命令查看容器的运行信息：

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docker ps

安装Ubuntu18.04

docker安装完成之后的界面

image-20230218165222479

需要到官网注册docker账号，docker账号注册完成之后登录

去官网注册账号后进行Ubuntu的镜像下载。

去dockerhub进行Ubuntu下载

image-20230218165848593

下载地址：https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu

我们在Tags这个界面直接搜索18.04

image-20230218170720457

执行如下安装脚本：

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docker pull ubuntu:18.04

安装完成之后，如下输出：

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(base)  frewen@FreweniMacBookPro  ~/03.ProgramSpace/29.ProgramSkills/17.Docker/01.WorkSpace  docker pull ubuntu:18.04
18.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
72d9f18d70f3: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a3765b4d74747b5e9bdd03205b3fbc4fa19a02781c185f97f24c8f4f84ed7bbf
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:18.04
docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04
image-20230218171018319

安装过后在应用中登录自己注册的账号就会出现在Images目录下，显示已经存在ubuntu了，点击运行。就可以将Docker的Ubuntu跑起来了。

运行起来是这样的

image-20230218171222947

运行

有了镜像后，我们就能够以这个镜像为基础启动并运行一个容器。以上面的 ubuntu:18.04 为例，如果我们打算启动里面的 bash 并且进行交互式操作的话，可以执行下面的命令。

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docker run  -it -v /Users/frewen:/home/frewen/ ubuntu:18.04 /bin/bash

两个目录代表本地目录和Ubuntu目录的一一映射，我们可以在Mac系统下编写代码，同步就会呈现在Ubuntu上。

docker run 就是运行容器的命令，具体格式我们会在容器一节进行详细讲解，我们这里简要的说明一下上面用到的参数。

-it：这是两个参数，一个是 -i：交互式操作，一个是 -t 终端。我们这里打算进入 bash 执行一些命令并查看返回结果，因此我们需要交互式终端。

--rm：这个参数是说容器退出后随之将其删除。默认情况下，为了排障需求，退出的容器并不会立即删除，除非手动 docker rm。我们这里只是随便执行个命令，看看结果，不需要排障和保留结果，因此使用 --rm 可以避免浪费空间。

ubuntu:18.04：这是指用 ubuntu:18.04 镜像为基础来启动容器。

bash：放在镜像名后的是 命令，这里我们希望有个交互式 Shell，因此用的是 bash。

运行如下：

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docker run  -it -v /Users/frewen:/home/frewen/ ubuntu:18.04 /bin/bash
root@ed584a46da83:/# pwd
/
root@ed584a46da83:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@ed584a46da83:/# cd home/frewen/
root@ed584a46da83:/home/frewen#
root@ed584a46da83:/home/frewen# ls
 01.WorkSpace       03.ProgramSpace   05.FrewenSpace    07.FantasySpace   Applications   Documents   Library   Music             NutstoreCloudBridge   Public
 02.ProjectsSpace   04.CarrerSpace    06.TianLanSpace   08.CloudSpace     Desktop        Downloads   Movies   'Nutstore Files'   Pictures              baidu
root@ed584a46da83:/home/frewen# ls -ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root   96 Jun 19  2022  01.WorkSpace
drwxr-xr-x   6 root root  192 May 18  2022  02.ProjectsSpace
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root  352 Feb 18 08:30  03.ProgramSpace
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root   96 Dec  4 04:10  04.CarrerSpace
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  128 Oct  7 08:05  05.FrewenSpace
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  160 Nov 30 03:20  06.TianLanSpace
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   64 May  3  2022  07.FantasySpace
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  160 May 12  2022  08.CloudSpace
drwx------   8 root root  256 Oct  9 14:07  Applications
drwx------   5 root root  160 Feb 18 08:01  Desktop
drwx------   8 root root  256 Feb 17 03:16  Documents
drwx------   8 root root  256 Feb 18 08:44  Downloads
drwx------ 105 root root 3360 Feb 12 11:10  Library
drwx------   6 root root  192 Feb 12 02:57  Movies
drwx------   5 root root  160 Apr 10  2022  Music
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root   96 Nov 19 04:08 'Nutstore Files'
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   64 Nov 19 04:08  NutstoreCloudBridge
drwx------   6 root root  192 Jul  2  2022  Pictures
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  160 May 12  2022  Public
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   64 Feb 18 03:03  baidu

查看系统信息

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root@ed584a46da83:/home/frewen/02.ProjectsSpace/02.Projects/01.WorkSpace# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="18.04.6 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS"
VERSION_ID="18.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=bionic
UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic

Ubuntu18.04安装git

执行安装命令，提示：

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root@ed584a46da83:/home/frewen/02.ProjectsSpace/02.BaiduProjects/01.WorkSpace# apt-get install git
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package git

解决方法：

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

执行如下：

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root@ed584a46da83:/home/frewen/02.ProjectsSpace/02.BaiduProjects/01.WorkSpace# apt-get update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [3190 kB]
Ign:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 Packages
Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/restricted amd64 Packages [1426 kB]
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [23.8 kB]
Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 Packages [1595 kB]
Err:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease
  Connection failed [IP: 185.125.190.39 80]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages [11.3 MB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 Packages [186 kB]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/restricted amd64 Packages [13.5 kB]
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [1344 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [30.8 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages [3610 kB]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [1466 kB]
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [2369 kB]
Fetched 27.0 MB in 1min 1s (443 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/bionic-backports/InRelease  Connection failed [IP: 185.125.190.39 80]
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
root@ed584a46da83:/home/frewen/02.ProjectsSpace/02.BaiduProjects/01.WorkSpace# apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-runtime libpam0g
4 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 384 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libpam0g amd64 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6 [54.3 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libpam-modules-bin amd64 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6 [40.3 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libpam-modules amd64 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6 [253 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libpam-runtime all 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6 [37.1 kB]
Fetched 384 kB in 7s (58.7 kB/s)
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
(Reading database ... 4051 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpam0g_1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpam0g:amd64 (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6) over (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.4) ...
Setting up libpam0g:amd64 (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6) ...
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (No usable dialog-like program is installed, so the dialog based frontend cannot be used. at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Dialog.pm line 76.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline
debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.26.1 /usr/local/share/perl/5.26.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.26 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.26 /usr/share/perl/5.26 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype
(Reading database ... 4051 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpam-modules-bin_1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpam-modules-bin (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6) over (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.4) ...
Setting up libpam-modules-bin (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6) ...
(Reading database ... 4051 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpam-modules_1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6_amd64.deb ...
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (No usable dialog-like program is installed, so the dialog based frontend cannot be used. at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Dialog.pm line 76.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline
debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.26.1 /usr/local/share/perl/5.26.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.26 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.26 /usr/share/perl/5.26 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype
Unpacking libpam-modules:amd64 (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6) over (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.4) ...
Setting up libpam-modules:amd64 (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6) ...
(Reading database ... 4051 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpam-runtime_1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6_all.deb ...
Unpacking libpam-runtime (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6) over (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.4) ...
Setting up libpam-runtime (1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04.6) ...
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (No usable dialog-like program is installed, so the dialog based frontend cannot be used. at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Dialog.pm line 76.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline
debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.26.1 /usr/local/share/perl/5.26.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.26 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.26 /usr/share/perl/5.26 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1.6) ...